Qadar is predestination. The Qadarites are those who deny predestination or any of the stages of predestination.
◾️Why are they then called Qadarites (Qadaria)?
First explanation: because their delusion is related to matters of predestination (qadara).
The second explanation: the Qadarites themselves say to the representatives of Ahlu Sunnah: “Why do you call us Qadaris? We deny Qadar, and you believe in it, this is a confirmation of Qadar in your belief. It’s you Qadarites, not us.”
Ibn Qutaybah says that this is obfuscation on the part of these people, a desire to confuse people in this way. But in fact, the followers of truth entrust their deeds to Allah (Glorified and Exalted), they attribute predestination to Allah (Glorified and Exalted), and they also consider their actions predetermined by Allah (Glorified and exalted), although not forced into them. And the Qadarites attribute predestination to themselves, saying: “Allah does not predetermine, but we ourselves predetermine everything.” And the one who claims something and ascribes something to himself, he deserves more to be called this than the one who has different beliefs and denies it about himself. Ahlyu Sunnah wal Jama’ah do not attribute predestination to themselves, but attribute it to Allah, and these erring ones attribute it to themselves and therefore deserve to be called Qadarites. Imam An-Nawawi also indicated this in his sharha to Sahih Muslim.
◾️The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said that the Qadarites are Zoroastrians (Majus), fire worshipers of this community, dualists.
Who are dualists? These are those who believe that there are two principles, two gods: the god of light and the god of darkness, the god of evil and the god of good. They believe that the world is ruled by these two principles: light and darkness. That is why they celebrate the holiday of Navruz, because it is March 21, when the lengthening of days begins, i.e. the light part of the day increases, supposedly symbolizing the victory of light over evil.
◾️Why are the Qadarites called Majus of this community?
Firstly, because they claim that there are creators along with Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He), that man himself creates his own deeds. They claim that there is some kind of will in the universe, apart from the will of Allah (pure and exalted is He), therefore they claim the presence of not one creator and manager, but many. The Majus claim the existence of two creators, and the Qadarites claim even more.
Secondly, because the Majus say: “What is good comes from God, and what is bad does not come from God.” And the Qadarits also say: “If a person commits bad deeds, then evil (sharr) cannot be attributed to Allah” – and therefore they deny what is predetermined from evil.
☑️ We say that evil does not relate to Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) in terms of action: everything that Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) does is all good. But in the very thing done, in the things created themselves, there may be some kind of evil for someone. The fact that Allah created this, Allah did it, is certainly good, and evil has nothing to do with Allah in terms of His decision, in terms of His actions. But in the very act, in the creations themselves, there is something that can be evil for someone.
For example, a person gets sick or fails in business – this is evil for him, but all this is predetermined by Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He), and what Allah decided for him is good, all His decisions are good and wise. For the person himself, this is some kind of evil, but Allah’s decision itself is good.
This is not the case with the Qadarites, they say: “How is it possible that a person’s actions were created by Allah and bad deeds were also created by Allah?” And in this regard they are also similar to the Zoroastrians
📓Of the most complete books that contain hadiths on predestination, this is the book of Imam al-Beyhaki “Al-Qada wal Qadr”.
